What do “roles” mean in BDSM?

In BDSM, roles describe how people choose to interact within a dynamic — particularly around control, responsibility and consent.

Roles are not personality types, permanent labels or expectations about how someone behaves outside of a negotiated context.

“A role is something you do — not something you owe.”
Symbol of trust and care

Common BDSM roles explained

Dominant (Dom / Domme)

A Dominant takes responsibility for leading or directing a dynamic. This role involves care, awareness and respect for boundaries — not control without consent.

Submissive (Sub)

A Submissive chooses to give control within agreed limits. Submission is an active choice, not weakness or passivity.

Switch

A Switch enjoys both dominant and submissive roles, depending on context, partner or mood.

Top & Bottom

These terms describe who is performing an action and who is receiving it — without implying power exchange.

What is power exchange?

Power exchange is the agreed transfer of control within a BDSM dynamic. Crucially, that power is given — not taken.

Power exchange can be:

  • Short-term (within a single scene)
  • Ongoing (within a relationship)
  • Light or deeply structured
Important: Power exchange only exists with clear consent and communication.
Rope symbolising control and release

How do you explore what role fits you?

Many beginners worry about “choosing the right role”. In reality, roles are discovered gradually through reflection and communication.

  • Do you enjoy leading or being guided?
  • Do you feel grounded by responsibility or by letting go?
  • Do structure and rules feel comforting or restrictive?

There is no deadline to decide — curiosity is enough.

Roles can change over time

It’s common for people to explore different roles as they learn more about themselves. What feels right today may evolve — and that’s completely valid.

BDSM is not about locking yourself into an identity. It’s about honest exploration with consent and care.

Common misconceptions about roles

  • “Dominants must always be in control”
  • “Submissives don’t have boundaries”
  • “You must pick one role forever”

Healthy dynamics leave room for discussion, change and mutual respect.

Red flags around roles & dynamics

  • Using a role to avoid communication
  • Refusing safewords or check-ins
  • Claiming authority without consent
  • Dismissing your comfort or boundaries

Roles should enhance safety — never override it.

Quick recap

  • Roles describe interaction, not identity
  • Power exchange is always consensual
  • You are allowed to explore and change
  • Respect and safety come first